/***********************************************************************

 * Copyright (c) 2013, 2014 Pieter Wuille                              *

 * Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying    *

 * file COPYING or https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.*

 ***********************************************************************/

#ifndef SECP256K1_GROUP_IMPL_H

#define SECP256K1_GROUP_IMPL_H

#include <string.h>

#include "field.h"

#include "group.h"

#include "util.h"

/* Begin of section generated by sage/gen_exhaustive_groups.sage. */

#define SECP256K1_G_ORDER_7 SECP256K1_GE_CONST(\

    0x66625d13, 0x317ffe44, 0x63d32cff, 0x1ca02b9b,\

    0xe5c6d070, 0x50b4b05e, 0x81cc30db, 0xf5166f0a,\

    0x1e60e897, 0xa7c00c7c, 0x2df53eb6, 0x98274ff4,\

    0x64252f42, 0x8ca44e17, 0x3b25418c, 0xff4ab0cf\

)

#define SECP256K1_G_ORDER_13 SECP256K1_GE_CONST(\

    0xa2482ff8, 0x4bf34edf, 0xa51262fd, 0xe57921db,\

    0xe0dd2cb7, 0xa5914790, 0xbc71631f, 0xc09704fb,\

    0x942536cb, 0xa3e49492, 0x3a701cc3, 0xee3e443f,\

    0xdf182aa9, 0x15b8aa6a, 0x166d3b19, 0xba84b045\

)

#define SECP256K1_G_ORDER_199 SECP256K1_GE_CONST(\

    0x7fb07b5c, 0xd07c3bda, 0x553902e2, 0x7a87ea2c,\

    0x35108a7f, 0x051f41e5, 0xb76abad5, 0x1f2703ad,\

    0x0a251539, 0x5b4c4438, 0x952a634f, 0xac10dd4d,\

    0x6d6f4745, 0x98990c27, 0x3a4f3116, 0xd32ff969\

)

/** Generator for secp256k1, value 'g' defined in

 *  "Standards for Efficient Cryptography" (SEC2) 2.7.1.

 */

#define SECP256K1_G SECP256K1_GE_CONST(\

    0x79be667e, 0xf9dcbbac, 0x55a06295, 0xce870b07,\

    0x029bfcdb, 0x2dce28d9, 0x59f2815b, 0x16f81798,\

    0x483ada77, 0x26a3c465, 0x5da4fbfc, 0x0e1108a8,\

    0xfd17b448, 0xa6855419, 0x9c47d08f, 0xfb10d4b8\

)

/* These exhaustive group test orders and generators are chosen such that:

 * - The field size is equal to that of secp256k1, so field code is the same.

 * - The curve equation is of the form y^2=x^3+B for some small constant B.

 * - The subgroup has a generator 2*P, where P.x is as small as possible.

 * - The subgroup has size less than 1000 to permit exhaustive testing.

 * - The subgroup admits an endomorphism of the form lambda*(x,y) == (beta*x,y).

 */

#if defined(EXHAUSTIVE_TEST_ORDER)

#  if EXHAUSTIVE_TEST_ORDER == 7

static const secp256k1_ge secp256k1_ge_const_g = SECP256K1_G_ORDER_7;

#define SECP256K1_B 6

#  elif EXHAUSTIVE_TEST_ORDER == 13

static const secp256k1_ge secp256k1_ge_const_g = SECP256K1_G_ORDER_13;

#define SECP256K1_B 2

#  elif EXHAUSTIVE_TEST_ORDER == 199

static const secp256k1_ge secp256k1_ge_const_g = SECP256K1_G_ORDER_199;

#define SECP256K1_B 4

#  else

#    error No known generator for the specified exhaustive test group order.

#  endif

#else

static const secp256k1_ge secp256k1_ge_const_g = SECP256K1_G;

#define SECP256K1_B 7

#endif

/* End of section generated by sage/gen_exhaustive_groups.sage. */

static void secp256k1_ge_verify(const secp256k1_ge *a) {

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY(&a->x);

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY(&a->y);

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY_MAGNITUDE(&a->x, SECP256K1_GE_X_MAGNITUDE_MAX);

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY_MAGNITUDE(&a->y, SECP256K1_GE_Y_MAGNITUDE_MAX);

    VERIFY_CHECK(a->infinity == 0 || a->infinity == 1);

    (void)a;

}

static void secp256k1_gej_verify(const secp256k1_gej *a) {

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY(&a->x);

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY(&a->y);

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY(&a->z);

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY_MAGNITUDE(&a->x, SECP256K1_GEJ_X_MAGNITUDE_MAX);

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY_MAGNITUDE(&a->y, SECP256K1_GEJ_Y_MAGNITUDE_MAX);

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY_MAGNITUDE(&a->z, SECP256K1_GEJ_Z_MAGNITUDE_MAX);

    VERIFY_CHECK(a->infinity == 0 || a->infinity == 1);

    (void)a;

}

/* Set r to the affine coordinates of Jacobian point (a.x, a.y, 1/zi). */

static void secp256k1_ge_set_gej_zinv(secp256k1_ge *r, const secp256k1_gej *a, const secp256k1_fe *zi) {

    secp256k1_fe zi2;

    secp256k1_fe zi3;

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(a);

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY(zi);

    VERIFY_CHECK(!a->infinity);

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&zi2, zi);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&zi3, &zi2, zi);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->x, &a->x, &zi2);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->y, &a->y, &zi3);

    r->infinity = a->infinity;

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(r);

}

/* Set r to the affine coordinates of Jacobian point (a.x, a.y, 1/zi). */

static void secp256k1_ge_set_ge_zinv(secp256k1_ge *r, const secp256k1_ge *a, const secp256k1_fe *zi) {

    secp256k1_fe zi2;

    secp256k1_fe zi3;

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(a);

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY(zi);

    VERIFY_CHECK(!a->infinity);

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&zi2, zi);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&zi3, &zi2, zi);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->x, &a->x, &zi2);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->y, &a->y, &zi3);

    r->infinity = a->infinity;

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(r);

}

static void secp256k1_ge_set_xy(secp256k1_ge *r, const secp256k1_fe *x, const secp256k1_fe *y) {

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY(x);

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY(y);

    r->infinity = 0;

    r->x = *x;

    r->y = *y;

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(r);

}

static int secp256k1_ge_is_infinity(const secp256k1_ge *a) {

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(a);

    return a->infinity;

}

static void secp256k1_ge_neg(secp256k1_ge *r, const secp256k1_ge *a) {

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(a);

    *r = *a;

    secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&r->y);

    secp256k1_fe_negate(&r->y, &r->y, 1);

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(r);

}

static void secp256k1_ge_set_gej(secp256k1_ge *r, secp256k1_gej *a) {

    secp256k1_fe z2, z3;

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(a);

    r->infinity = a->infinity;

    secp256k1_fe_inv(&a->z, &a->z);

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&z2, &a->z);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&z3, &a->z, &z2);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&a->x, &a->x, &z2);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&a->y, &a->y, &z3);

    secp256k1_fe_set_int(&a->z, 1);

    r->x = a->x;

    r->y = a->y;

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(a);

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(r);

}

static void secp256k1_ge_set_gej_var(secp256k1_ge *r, secp256k1_gej *a) {

    secp256k1_fe z2, z3;

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(a);

    if (secp256k1_gej_is_infinity(a)) {

        secp256k1_ge_set_infinity(r);

        return;

    }

    r->infinity = 0;

    secp256k1_fe_inv_var(&a->z, &a->z);

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&z2, &a->z);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&z3, &a->z, &z2);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&a->x, &a->x, &z2);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&a->y, &a->y, &z3);

    secp256k1_fe_set_int(&a->z, 1);

    secp256k1_ge_set_xy(r, &a->x, &a->y);

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(a);

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(r);

}

static void secp256k1_ge_set_all_gej(secp256k1_ge *r, const secp256k1_gej *a, size_t len) {

    secp256k1_fe u;

    size_t i;

#ifdef VERIFY

    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {

        SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(&a[i]);

        VERIFY_CHECK(!secp256k1_gej_is_infinity(&a[i]));

    }

#endif

    if (len == 0) {

        return;

    }

    /* Use destination's x coordinates as scratch space */

    r[0].x = a[0].z;

    for (i = 1; i < len; i++) {

        secp256k1_fe_mul(&r[i].x, &r[i - 1].x, &a[i].z);

    }

    secp256k1_fe_inv(&u, &r[len - 1].x);

    for (i = len - 1; i > 0; i--) {

        secp256k1_fe_mul(&r[i].x, &r[i - 1].x, &u);

        secp256k1_fe_mul(&u, &u, &a[i].z);

    }

    r[0].x = u;

    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {

        secp256k1_ge_set_gej_zinv(&r[i], &a[i], &r[i].x);

    }

#ifdef VERIFY

    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {

        SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(&r[i]);

    }

#endif

}

static void secp256k1_ge_set_all_gej_var(secp256k1_ge *r, const secp256k1_gej *a, size_t len) {

    secp256k1_fe u;

    size_t i;

    size_t last_i = SIZE_MAX;

#ifdef VERIFY

    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {

        SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(&a[i]);

    }

#endif

    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {

        if (a[i].infinity) {

            secp256k1_ge_set_infinity(&r[i]);

        } else {

            /* Use destination's x coordinates as scratch space */

            if (last_i == SIZE_MAX) {

                r[i].x = a[i].z;

            } else {

                secp256k1_fe_mul(&r[i].x, &r[last_i].x, &a[i].z);

            }

            last_i = i;

        }

    }

    if (last_i == SIZE_MAX) {

        return;

    }

    secp256k1_fe_inv_var(&u, &r[last_i].x);

    i = last_i;

    while (i > 0) {

        i--;

        if (!a[i].infinity) {

            secp256k1_fe_mul(&r[last_i].x, &r[i].x, &u);

            secp256k1_fe_mul(&u, &u, &a[last_i].z);

            last_i = i;

        }

    }

    VERIFY_CHECK(!a[last_i].infinity);

    r[last_i].x = u;

    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {

        if (!a[i].infinity) {

            secp256k1_ge_set_gej_zinv(&r[i], &a[i], &r[i].x);

        }

    }

#ifdef VERIFY

    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {

        SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(&r[i]);

    }

#endif

}

static void secp256k1_ge_table_set_globalz(size_t len, secp256k1_ge *a, const secp256k1_fe *zr) {

    size_t i;

    secp256k1_fe zs;

#ifdef VERIFY

    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {

        SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(&a[i]);

        SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY(&zr[i]);

    }

#endif

    if (len > 0) {

        i = len - 1;

        /* Ensure all y values are in weak normal form for fast negation of points */

        secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&a[i].y);

        zs = zr[i];

        /* Work our way backwards, using the z-ratios to scale the x/y values. */

        while (i > 0) {

            if (i != len - 1) {

                secp256k1_fe_mul(&zs, &zs, &zr[i]);

            }

            i--;

            secp256k1_ge_set_ge_zinv(&a[i], &a[i], &zs);

        }

    }

#ifdef VERIFY

    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {

        SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(&a[i]);

    }

#endif

}

static void secp256k1_gej_set_infinity(secp256k1_gej *r) {

    r->infinity = 1;

    secp256k1_fe_set_int(&r->x, 0);

    secp256k1_fe_set_int(&r->y, 0);

    secp256k1_fe_set_int(&r->z, 0);

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(r);

}

static void secp256k1_ge_set_infinity(secp256k1_ge *r) {

    r->infinity = 1;

    secp256k1_fe_set_int(&r->x, 0);

    secp256k1_fe_set_int(&r->y, 0);

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(r);

}

static void secp256k1_gej_clear(secp256k1_gej *r) {

    secp256k1_memclear(r, sizeof(secp256k1_gej));

}

static void secp256k1_ge_clear(secp256k1_ge *r) {

    secp256k1_memclear(r, sizeof(secp256k1_ge));

}

static int secp256k1_ge_set_xo_var(secp256k1_ge *r, const secp256k1_fe *x, int odd) {

    secp256k1_fe x2, x3;

    int ret;

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY(x);

    r->x = *x;

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&x2, x);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&x3, x, &x2);

    r->infinity = 0;

    secp256k1_fe_add_int(&x3, SECP256K1_B);

    ret = secp256k1_fe_sqrt(&r->y, &x3);

    secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&r->y);

    if (secp256k1_fe_is_odd(&r->y) != odd) {

        secp256k1_fe_negate(&r->y, &r->y, 1);

    }

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(r);

    return ret;

}

static void secp256k1_gej_set_ge(secp256k1_gej *r, const secp256k1_ge *a) {

   SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(a);

   r->infinity = a->infinity;

   r->x = a->x;

   r->y = a->y;

   secp256k1_fe_set_int(&r->z, 1);

   SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(r);

}

static int secp256k1_gej_eq_var(const secp256k1_gej *a, const secp256k1_gej *b) {

    secp256k1_gej tmp;

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(b);

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(a);

    secp256k1_gej_neg(&tmp, a);

    secp256k1_gej_add_var(&tmp, &tmp, b, NULL);

    return secp256k1_gej_is_infinity(&tmp);

}

static int secp256k1_gej_eq_ge_var(const secp256k1_gej *a, const secp256k1_ge *b) {

    secp256k1_gej tmp;

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(a);

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(b);

    secp256k1_gej_neg(&tmp, a);

    secp256k1_gej_add_ge_var(&tmp, &tmp, b, NULL);

    return secp256k1_gej_is_infinity(&tmp);

}

static int secp256k1_ge_eq_var(const secp256k1_ge *a, const secp256k1_ge *b) {

    secp256k1_fe tmp;

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(a);

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(b);

    if (a->infinity != b->infinity) return 0;

    if (a->infinity) return 1;

    tmp = a->x;

    secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&tmp);

    if (!secp256k1_fe_equal(&tmp, &b->x)) return 0;

    tmp = a->y;

    secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&tmp);

    if (!secp256k1_fe_equal(&tmp, &b->y)) return 0;

    return 1;

}

static int secp256k1_gej_eq_x_var(const secp256k1_fe *x, const secp256k1_gej *a) {

    secp256k1_fe r;

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY(x);

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(a);

    VERIFY_CHECK(!a->infinity);

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&r, &a->z); secp256k1_fe_mul(&r, &r, x);

    return secp256k1_fe_equal(&r, &a->x);

}

static void secp256k1_gej_neg(secp256k1_gej *r, const secp256k1_gej *a) {

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(a);

    r->infinity = a->infinity;

    r->x = a->x;

    r->y = a->y;

    r->z = a->z;

    secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&r->y);

    secp256k1_fe_negate(&r->y, &r->y, 1);

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(r);

}

static int secp256k1_gej_is_infinity(const secp256k1_gej *a) {

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(a);

    return a->infinity;

}

static int secp256k1_ge_is_valid_var(const secp256k1_ge *a) {

    secp256k1_fe y2, x3;

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(a);

    if (a->infinity) {

        return 0;

    }

    /* y^2 = x^3 + 7 */

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&y2, &a->y);

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&x3, &a->x); secp256k1_fe_mul(&x3, &x3, &a->x);

    secp256k1_fe_add_int(&x3, SECP256K1_B);

    return secp256k1_fe_equal(&y2, &x3);

}

static SECP256K1_INLINE void secp256k1_gej_double(secp256k1_gej *r, const secp256k1_gej *a) {

    /* Operations: 3 mul, 4 sqr, 8 add/half/mul_int/negate */

    secp256k1_fe l, s, t;

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(a);

    r->infinity = a->infinity;

    /* Formula used:

     * L = (3/2) * X1^2

     * S = Y1^2

     * T = -X1*S

     * X3 = L^2 + 2*T

     * Y3 = -(L*(X3 + T) + S^2)

     * Z3 = Y1*Z1

     */

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->z, &a->z, &a->y); /* Z3 = Y1*Z1 (1) */

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&s, &a->y);           /* S = Y1^2 (1) */

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&l, &a->x);           /* L = X1^2 (1) */

    secp256k1_fe_mul_int(&l, 3);           /* L = 3*X1^2 (3) */

    secp256k1_fe_half(&l);                 /* L = 3/2*X1^2 (2) */

    secp256k1_fe_negate(&t, &s, 1);        /* T = -S (2) */

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&t, &t, &a->x);       /* T = -X1*S (1) */

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&r->x, &l);           /* X3 = L^2 (1) */

    secp256k1_fe_add(&r->x, &t);           /* X3 = L^2 + T (2) */

    secp256k1_fe_add(&r->x, &t);           /* X3 = L^2 + 2*T (3) */

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&s, &s);              /* S' = S^2 (1) */

    secp256k1_fe_add(&t, &r->x);           /* T' = X3 + T (4) */

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->y, &t, &l);       /* Y3 = L*(X3 + T) (1) */

    secp256k1_fe_add(&r->y, &s);           /* Y3 = L*(X3 + T) + S^2 (2) */

    secp256k1_fe_negate(&r->y, &r->y, 2);  /* Y3 = -(L*(X3 + T) + S^2) (3) */

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(r);

}

static void secp256k1_gej_double_var(secp256k1_gej *r, const secp256k1_gej *a, secp256k1_fe *rzr) {

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(a);

    /** For secp256k1, 2Q is infinity if and only if Q is infinity. This is because if 2Q = infinity,

     *  Q must equal -Q, or that Q.y == -(Q.y), or Q.y is 0. For a point on y^2 = x^3 + 7 to have

     *  y=0, x^3 must be -7 mod p. However, -7 has no cube root mod p.

     *

     *  Having said this, if this function receives a point on a sextic twist, e.g. by

     *  a fault attack, it is possible for y to be 0. This happens for y^2 = x^3 + 6,

     *  since -6 does have a cube root mod p. For this point, this function will not set

     *  the infinity flag even though the point doubles to infinity, and the result

     *  point will be gibberish (z = 0 but infinity = 0).

     */

    if (a->infinity) {

        secp256k1_gej_set_infinity(r);

        if (rzr != NULL) {

            secp256k1_fe_set_int(rzr, 1);

        }

        return;

    }

    if (rzr != NULL) {

        *rzr = a->y;

        secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(rzr);

    }

    secp256k1_gej_double(r, a);

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(r);

}

static void secp256k1_gej_add_var(secp256k1_gej *r, const secp256k1_gej *a, const secp256k1_gej *b, secp256k1_fe *rzr) {

    /* 12 mul, 4 sqr, 11 add/negate/normalizes_to_zero (ignoring special cases) */

    secp256k1_fe z22, z12, u1, u2, s1, s2, h, i, h2, h3, t;

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(a);

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(b);

    if (a->infinity) {

        VERIFY_CHECK(rzr == NULL);

        *r = *b;

        return;

    }

    if (b->infinity) {

        if (rzr != NULL) {

            secp256k1_fe_set_int(rzr, 1);

        }

        *r = *a;

        return;

    }

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&z22, &b->z);

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&z12, &a->z);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&u1, &a->x, &z22);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&u2, &b->x, &z12);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&s1, &a->y, &z22); secp256k1_fe_mul(&s1, &s1, &b->z);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&s2, &b->y, &z12); secp256k1_fe_mul(&s2, &s2, &a->z);

    secp256k1_fe_negate(&h, &u1, 1); secp256k1_fe_add(&h, &u2);

    secp256k1_fe_negate(&i, &s2, 1); secp256k1_fe_add(&i, &s1);

    if (secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero_var(&h)) {

        if (secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero_var(&i)) {

            secp256k1_gej_double_var(r, a, rzr);

        } else {

            if (rzr != NULL) {

                secp256k1_fe_set_int(rzr, 0);

            }

            secp256k1_gej_set_infinity(r);

        }

        return;

    }

    r->infinity = 0;

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&t, &h, &b->z);

    if (rzr != NULL) {

        *rzr = t;

    }

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->z, &a->z, &t);

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&h2, &h);

    secp256k1_fe_negate(&h2, &h2, 1);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&h3, &h2, &h);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&t, &u1, &h2);

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&r->x, &i);

    secp256k1_fe_add(&r->x, &h3);

    secp256k1_fe_add(&r->x, &t);

    secp256k1_fe_add(&r->x, &t);

    secp256k1_fe_add(&t, &r->x);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->y, &t, &i);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&h3, &h3, &s1);

    secp256k1_fe_add(&r->y, &h3);

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(r);

}

static void secp256k1_gej_add_ge_var(secp256k1_gej *r, const secp256k1_gej *a, const secp256k1_ge *b, secp256k1_fe *rzr) {

    /* Operations: 8 mul, 3 sqr, 11 add/negate/normalizes_to_zero (ignoring special cases) */

    secp256k1_fe z12, u1, u2, s1, s2, h, i, h2, h3, t;

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(a);

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(b);

    if (a->infinity) {

        VERIFY_CHECK(rzr == NULL);

        secp256k1_gej_set_ge(r, b);

        return;

    }

    if (b->infinity) {

        if (rzr != NULL) {

            secp256k1_fe_set_int(rzr, 1);

        }

        *r = *a;

        return;

    }

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&z12, &a->z);

    u1 = a->x;

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&u2, &b->x, &z12);

    s1 = a->y;

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&s2, &b->y, &z12); secp256k1_fe_mul(&s2, &s2, &a->z);

    secp256k1_fe_negate(&h, &u1, SECP256K1_GEJ_X_MAGNITUDE_MAX); secp256k1_fe_add(&h, &u2);

    secp256k1_fe_negate(&i, &s2, 1); secp256k1_fe_add(&i, &s1);

    if (secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero_var(&h)) {

        if (secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero_var(&i)) {

            secp256k1_gej_double_var(r, a, rzr);

        } else {

            if (rzr != NULL) {

                secp256k1_fe_set_int(rzr, 0);

            }

            secp256k1_gej_set_infinity(r);

        }

        return;

    }

    r->infinity = 0;

    if (rzr != NULL) {

        *rzr = h;

    }

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->z, &a->z, &h);

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&h2, &h);

    secp256k1_fe_negate(&h2, &h2, 1);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&h3, &h2, &h);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&t, &u1, &h2);

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&r->x, &i);

    secp256k1_fe_add(&r->x, &h3);

    secp256k1_fe_add(&r->x, &t);

    secp256k1_fe_add(&r->x, &t);

    secp256k1_fe_add(&t, &r->x);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->y, &t, &i);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&h3, &h3, &s1);

    secp256k1_fe_add(&r->y, &h3);

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(r);

    if (rzr != NULL) SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY(rzr);

}

static void secp256k1_gej_add_zinv_var(secp256k1_gej *r, const secp256k1_gej *a, const secp256k1_ge *b, const secp256k1_fe *bzinv) {

    /* Operations: 9 mul, 3 sqr, 11 add/negate/normalizes_to_zero (ignoring special cases) */

    secp256k1_fe az, z12, u1, u2, s1, s2, h, i, h2, h3, t;

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(a);

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(b);

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY(bzinv);

    if (a->infinity) {

        secp256k1_fe bzinv2, bzinv3;

        r->infinity = b->infinity;

        secp256k1_fe_sqr(&bzinv2, bzinv);

        secp256k1_fe_mul(&bzinv3, &bzinv2, bzinv);

        secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->x, &b->x, &bzinv2);

        secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->y, &b->y, &bzinv3);

        secp256k1_fe_set_int(&r->z, 1);

        SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(r);

        return;

    }

    if (b->infinity) {

        *r = *a;

        return;

    }

    /** We need to calculate (rx,ry,rz) = (ax,ay,az) + (bx,by,1/bzinv). Due to

     *  secp256k1's isomorphism we can multiply the Z coordinates on both sides

     *  by bzinv, and get: (rx,ry,rz*bzinv) = (ax,ay,az*bzinv) + (bx,by,1).

     *  This means that (rx,ry,rz) can be calculated as

     *  (ax,ay,az*bzinv) + (bx,by,1), when not applying the bzinv factor to rz.

     *  The variable az below holds the modified Z coordinate for a, which is used

     *  for the computation of rx and ry, but not for rz.

     */

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&az, &a->z, bzinv);

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&z12, &az);

    u1 = a->x;

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&u2, &b->x, &z12);

    s1 = a->y;

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&s2, &b->y, &z12); secp256k1_fe_mul(&s2, &s2, &az);

    secp256k1_fe_negate(&h, &u1, SECP256K1_GEJ_X_MAGNITUDE_MAX); secp256k1_fe_add(&h, &u2);

    secp256k1_fe_negate(&i, &s2, 1); secp256k1_fe_add(&i, &s1);

    if (secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero_var(&h)) {

        if (secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero_var(&i)) {

            secp256k1_gej_double_var(r, a, NULL);

        } else {

            secp256k1_gej_set_infinity(r);

        }

        return;

    }

    r->infinity = 0;

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->z, &a->z, &h);

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&h2, &h);

    secp256k1_fe_negate(&h2, &h2, 1);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&h3, &h2, &h);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&t, &u1, &h2);

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&r->x, &i);

    secp256k1_fe_add(&r->x, &h3);

    secp256k1_fe_add(&r->x, &t);

    secp256k1_fe_add(&r->x, &t);

    secp256k1_fe_add(&t, &r->x);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->y, &t, &i);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&h3, &h3, &s1);

    secp256k1_fe_add(&r->y, &h3);

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(r);

}

static void secp256k1_gej_add_ge(secp256k1_gej *r, const secp256k1_gej *a, const secp256k1_ge *b) {

    /* Operations: 7 mul, 5 sqr, 21 add/cmov/half/mul_int/negate/normalizes_to_zero */

    secp256k1_fe zz, u1, u2, s1, s2, t, tt, m, n, q, rr;

    secp256k1_fe m_alt, rr_alt;

    int degenerate;

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(a);

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(b);

    VERIFY_CHECK(!b->infinity);

    /*  In:

     *    Eric Brier and Marc Joye, Weierstrass Elliptic Curves and Side-Channel Attacks.

     *    In D. Naccache and P. Paillier, Eds., Public Key Cryptography, vol. 2274 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 335-345. Springer-Verlag, 2002.

     *  we find as solution for a unified addition/doubling formula:

     *    lambda = ((x1 + x2)^2 - x1 * x2 + a) / (y1 + y2), with a = 0 for secp256k1's curve equation.

     *    x3 = lambda^2 - (x1 + x2)

     *    2*y3 = lambda * (x1 + x2 - 2 * x3) - (y1 + y2).

     *

     *  Substituting x_i = Xi / Zi^2 and yi = Yi / Zi^3, for i=1,2,3, gives:

     *    U1 = X1*Z2^2, U2 = X2*Z1^2

     *    S1 = Y1*Z2^3, S2 = Y2*Z1^3

     *    Z = Z1*Z2

     *    T = U1+U2

     *    M = S1+S2

     *    Q = -T*M^2

     *    R = T^2-U1*U2

     *    X3 = R^2+Q

     *    Y3 = -(R*(2*X3+Q)+M^4)/2

     *    Z3 = M*Z

     *  (Note that the paper uses xi = Xi / Zi and yi = Yi / Zi instead.)

     *

     *  This formula has the benefit of being the same for both addition

     *  of distinct points and doubling. However, it breaks down in the

     *  case that either point is infinity, or that y1 = -y2. We handle

     *  these cases in the following ways:

     *

     *    - If b is infinity we simply bail by means of a VERIFY_CHECK.

     *

     *    - If a is infinity, we detect this, and at the end of the

     *      computation replace the result (which will be meaningless,

     *      but we compute to be constant-time) with b.x : b.y : 1.

     *

     *    - If a = -b, we have y1 = -y2, which is a degenerate case.

     *      But here the answer is infinity, so we simply set the

     *      infinity flag of the result, overriding the computed values

     *      without even needing to cmov.

     *

     *    - If y1 = -y2 but x1 != x2, which does occur thanks to certain

     *      properties of our curve (specifically, 1 has nontrivial cube

     *      roots in our field, and the curve equation has no x coefficient)

     *      then the answer is not infinity but also not given by the above

     *      equation. In this case, we cmov in place an alternate expression

     *      for lambda. Specifically (y1 - y2)/(x1 - x2). Where both these

     *      expressions for lambda are defined, they are equal, and can be

     *      obtained from each other by multiplication by (y1 + y2)/(y1 + y2)

     *      then substitution of x^3 + 7 for y^2 (using the curve equation).

     *      For all pairs of nonzero points (a, b) at least one is defined,

     *      so this covers everything.

     */

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&zz, &a->z);                       /* z = Z1^2 */

    u1 = a->x;                                          /* u1 = U1 = X1*Z2^2 (GEJ_X_M) */

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&u2, &b->x, &zz);                  /* u2 = U2 = X2*Z1^2 (1) */

    s1 = a->y;                                          /* s1 = S1 = Y1*Z2^3 (GEJ_Y_M) */

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&s2, &b->y, &zz);                  /* s2 = Y2*Z1^2 (1) */

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&s2, &s2, &a->z);                  /* s2 = S2 = Y2*Z1^3 (1) */

    t = u1; secp256k1_fe_add(&t, &u2);                  /* t = T = U1+U2 (GEJ_X_M+1) */

    m = s1; secp256k1_fe_add(&m, &s2);                  /* m = M = S1+S2 (GEJ_Y_M+1) */

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&rr, &t);                          /* rr = T^2 (1) */

    secp256k1_fe_negate(&m_alt, &u2, 1);                /* Malt = -X2*Z1^2 (2) */

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&tt, &u1, &m_alt);                 /* tt = -U1*U2 (1) */

    secp256k1_fe_add(&rr, &tt);                         /* rr = R = T^2-U1*U2 (2) */

    /* If lambda = R/M = R/0 we have a problem (except in the "trivial"

     * case that Z = z1z2 = 0, and this is special-cased later on). */

    degenerate = secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero(&m);

    /* This only occurs when y1 == -y2 and x1^3 == x2^3, but x1 != x2.

     * This means either x1 == beta*x2 or beta*x1 == x2, where beta is

     * a nontrivial cube root of one. In either case, an alternate

     * non-indeterminate expression for lambda is (y1 - y2)/(x1 - x2),

     * so we set R/M equal to this. */

    rr_alt = s1;

    secp256k1_fe_mul_int(&rr_alt, 2);       /* rr_alt = Y1*Z2^3 - Y2*Z1^3 (GEJ_Y_M*2) */

    secp256k1_fe_add(&m_alt, &u1);          /* Malt = X1*Z2^2 - X2*Z1^2 (GEJ_X_M+2) */

    secp256k1_fe_cmov(&rr_alt, &rr, !degenerate);       /* rr_alt (GEJ_Y_M*2) */

    secp256k1_fe_cmov(&m_alt, &m, !degenerate);         /* m_alt (GEJ_X_M+2) */

    /* Now Ralt / Malt = lambda and is guaranteed not to be Ralt / 0.

     * From here on out Ralt and Malt represent the numerator

     * and denominator of lambda; R and M represent the explicit

     * expressions x1^2 + x2^2 + x1x2 and y1 + y2. */

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&n, &m_alt);                       /* n = Malt^2 (1) */

    secp256k1_fe_negate(&q, &t,

        SECP256K1_GEJ_X_MAGNITUDE_MAX + 1);             /* q = -T (GEJ_X_M+2) */

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&q, &q, &n);                       /* q = Q = -T*Malt^2 (1) */

    /* These two lines use the observation that either M == Malt or M == 0,

     * so M^3 * Malt is either Malt^4 (which is computed by squaring), or

     * zero (which is "computed" by cmov). So the cost is one squaring

     * versus two multiplications. */

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&n, &n);                           /* n = Malt^4 (1) */

    secp256k1_fe_cmov(&n, &m, degenerate);              /* n = M^3 * Malt (GEJ_Y_M+1) */

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&t, &rr_alt);                      /* t = Ralt^2 (1) */

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->z, &a->z, &m_alt);             /* r->z = Z3 = Malt*Z (1) */

    secp256k1_fe_add(&t, &q);                           /* t = Ralt^2 + Q (2) */

    r->x = t;                                           /* r->x = X3 = Ralt^2 + Q (2) */

    secp256k1_fe_mul_int(&t, 2);                        /* t = 2*X3 (4) */

    secp256k1_fe_add(&t, &q);                           /* t = 2*X3 + Q (5) */

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&t, &t, &rr_alt);                  /* t = Ralt*(2*X3 + Q) (1) */

    secp256k1_fe_add(&t, &n);                           /* t = Ralt*(2*X3 + Q) + M^3*Malt (GEJ_Y_M+2) */

    secp256k1_fe_negate(&r->y, &t,

        SECP256K1_GEJ_Y_MAGNITUDE_MAX + 2);             /* r->y = -(Ralt*(2*X3 + Q) + M^3*Malt) (GEJ_Y_M+3) */

    secp256k1_fe_half(&r->y);                           /* r->y = Y3 = -(Ralt*(2*X3 + Q) + M^3*Malt)/2 ((GEJ_Y_M+3)/2 + 1) */

    /* In case a->infinity == 1, replace r with (b->x, b->y, 1). */

    secp256k1_fe_cmov(&r->x, &b->x, a->infinity);

    secp256k1_fe_cmov(&r->y, &b->y, a->infinity);

    secp256k1_fe_cmov(&r->z, &secp256k1_fe_one, a->infinity);

    /* Set r->infinity if r->z is 0.

     *

     * If a->infinity is set, then r->infinity = (r->z == 0) = (1 == 0) = false,

     * which is correct because the function assumes that b is not infinity.

     *

     * Now assume !a->infinity. This implies Z = Z1 != 0.

     *

     * Case y1 = -y2:

     * In this case we could have a = -b, namely if x1 = x2.

     * We have degenerate = true, r->z = (x1 - x2) * Z.

     * Then r->infinity = ((x1 - x2)Z == 0) = (x1 == x2) = (a == -b).

     *

     * Case y1 != -y2:

     * In this case, we can't have a = -b.

     * We have degenerate = false, r->z = (y1 + y2) * Z.

     * Then r->infinity = ((y1 + y2)Z == 0) = (y1 == -y2) = false. */

    r->infinity = secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero(&r->z);

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(r);

}

static void secp256k1_gej_rescale(secp256k1_gej *r, const secp256k1_fe *s) {

    /* Operations: 4 mul, 1 sqr */

    secp256k1_fe zz;

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(r);

    SECP256K1_FE_VERIFY(s);

    VERIFY_CHECK(!secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero_var(s));

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&zz, s);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->x, &r->x, &zz);                /* r->x *= s^2 */

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->y, &r->y, &zz);

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->y, &r->y, s);                  /* r->y *= s^3 */

    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->z, &r->z, s);                  /* r->z *= s   */

    SECP256K1_GEJ_VERIFY(r);

}

static void secp256k1_ge_to_storage(secp256k1_ge_storage *r, const secp256k1_ge *a) {

    secp256k1_fe x, y;

    SECP256K1_GE_VERIFY(a);

    VERIFY_CHECK(!a->infinity);

    x = a->x;

    secp256k1_fe_normalize(&x);

    y = a->y;

    secp256k1_fe_normalize(&y);

    secp256k1_fe_to_storage(&r->x, &x);

    secp256k1_fe_to_storage(&r->y, &y);

}

static void secp256k1_ge_from_storage(secp256k1_ge *r, const secp256k1_ge_storage *a) {

    secp256k1_fe_from_storage(&r->x, &a->x);